Table 3 |
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Summary of sectoral impacts of AIDS |
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| GDP [41, 42] |
• Annual decrease of between 2 and 4% with AIDS |
| Households [9] |
• Decreased household income • Increased expenditure on healthcare • More women and child-headed households • More vulnerable to poverty |
| Firms [9] |
• Increased healthcare costs • Greater absenteeism • Loss of skilled labour and institutional memory • Decreased demand for goods → decreased income • Lower staff morale → lower productivity |
| Agriculture [9] |
• Loss of agricultural workforce: • reduction in cultivated land → decreased yields • smaller harvest size and less crop variety • loss of agricultural knowledge • lower remittances sent home |
| Education [9] |
• Loss of teachers → reduction in supply and quality of educational facilities and
services • Increased medical and staff training costs • Reduction in pupil numbers due to non-enrolment /sickness/deaths • Reversal in progress made in primary education |
| Health [9] |
• Absenteeism and deaths of health workers due to illness: • reduction in supply and quality of health services • increased training costs • erosion of knowledge base • Quality of care may suffer due to stigmatisation of HIV+ patients • Increased public health expenses → higher burden on private health care system • Increased demand for donor funding to address HIV/AIDS challenge • High demand for AIDS treatment crowds out treatment of other diseases |
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2Dixon, McDonald and Roberts (2002); Cornia and Zagonaria (2002) |
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Coovadia and Hadingham Globalization and Health 2005 1:13 doi:10.1186/1744-8603-1-13 |
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